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SWFTS is also planned for the next-generation USN Columbia (SSBN) and RAN Future Submarine classes. SWFTS is deployed by the USN on submarines of the Los Angeles (SSN 688), Ohio (SSGN 726, SSBN 730), Seawolf (SSN 21), and Virginia (SSN 774) classes, and by the Royal Australian Navy on the Collins (SSG 73) class. The common combat system product line is referred to as the Submarine Warfare Federated Tactical Systems (SWFTS). Production systems implementing this baseline are delivered to new-build submarines, and to in-service submarines being upgraded on a roughly six-year cycle.

The submarine combat system SE&I program delivers an updated production baseline annually, along with product line variants for each submarine class or subclass being built or upgraded that year. In addition, the independent system-to-system interfaces were rationalized where practical into common interfaces shared between multiple systems. Over time, the combat systems of the various submarine classes were converged into variants of a single product line (Zingarelli et al. Starting with the Virginia class, this SE&I program was expanded to encompass both new-production and in-service submarine modernization efforts. Starting as legacy military systems hosted on traditional military-unique computational platforms, these systems have evolved to utilize Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) computational and networking platforms, and leverage large amounts of COTS software.Īs the component systems became more tightly interconnected, the acquisition customers established and collaboratively funded a systems engineering and integration (SE&I) program to manage the interfaces between systems, manage technology insertion and the obsolescence of common COTS hardware, and to integrate and test the production systems (Cooper, Sienkiewicz and Oliver 2006). In the USN, each of these component systems has its own acquisition program, customer, and contractor team. SysML Block Definition Diagram of 1985 era submarine combat system composed from independent component systems with point-to-point interfaces (SEBoK Original)

Typically, each new class of submarines has been equipped with a new combat system, with a corresponding logistics and sustainment tail unique to that class.įigure 1. Confusingly, these component systems are often referred to as subsystems in the literature.

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Over the last three decades, submarine combat systems have evolved from multiple independent systems (sonar, combat control, imaging, electronic warfare, weapon control, etc.) with manual or point-to-point interfaces into networked federations of systems (FoS).

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The evolution of threats, technology and interoperability drives the USN to upgrade their submarine combat systems and key components including the sonar (Fages 1998) (Ford and Dillard 2009) and tactical control systems continuously (Jacobus and Barrett 2002). Submarines and their internal systems are typically state-of-the-practice at launch, but most navies find it necessary to upgrade the ship’s combat system at least once during the operational lifetime. Modern submarines are typically in service for 20 - 40 years.

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